Adverse Human Health Effects Associated with Molds in the Indoor Environment

The fungi are eukaryotic, unicellular, or multicellular organisms that, because they lack chlorophyll, are dependent upon external food sources. Fungi are ubiquitous in all environments and play a vital role in the Earth's ecology by decomposing organic matter. Familiar fungi include yeasts, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Many species of fungi live as commensal organisms in or on the surface of the human body. "Mold" is the common term for multicellular fungi that grow as a mat of intertwined microscopic filaments (hyphae). Exposure to molds and other fungi and their spores is unavoidable except when the most stringent of air filtration, isolation, and environmental sanitation measures are observed, eg, in organ transplant isolation units.